LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FOR THE MIGRATION POLICY OF THE SOVIET UKRAINE (1922-1991)

Abstract

The article deals with the legal and organizational principles of the migration policy of Soviet Ukraine. The authors aim to analyze and characterize the whole range of methods and means of regulating migratory flows used by the Soviet authorities. The article analyzes the components of the Soviet migration policy: the passport system, the controlled and compulsory population movements, the regime of external migration, and the like. It is noted that the migration legal framework was formed without taking into account generally accepted international legal standards. Regulatory acts in the field of regulating the movement of population had one goal – to achieve full control by the state for the movement of a person and subordinate these movements to the interests of the state. The methodological basis of the article consists of the principles of historicity, objectivity, versatility, complementarity and reasonableness. To analyse the development of the migration policy of the Soviet Ukraine, dialectical, chronological, systemic-structural, historical, comparative and other general scientific, as well as special scientific methods according to the subject of research are used. The study finds the main instrument for monitoring and streamlining migration flows in the Soviet Ukraine was the long-standing passport system, and but not the economic policy and human rights and freedoms. The freedom to choose a place of residence has been kept to a minimum. This was in line with the migration doctrine of the Soviet era, which was determined in the All-Union Centre and was reduced to the strict control over the movement of the population, the extreme limited travel abroad. The choice of personality was to be subject to public interests that were understood as the interests of the state. In the last years of the Soviet Union's its most odious limitations gradually weakened, but only marginally. State interests were motivated by a number of diverse controlled displacements. However, the authors prove that the desire to strictly regulate migration processes by the Soviet authorities was not fully realized. Firstly, organized resettlement had never been a dominant form of displacement of the population in the USSR, even during the most rigid totalitarian regime. Secondly, a significant part of the organized resettlement ended with the return of migrants to their former residence or relocation to another place. The authors draw attention to the fact that the constituent part of the migration policy of the Soviet Ukraine was the forced migration, which was carried out in the form of deportation of entire ethnic groups. Such voluntarist events have affected millions of different nationalities, and Ukraine has been experiencing their results to this day. Thus, the authors conclude that at the time of Ukraine's independence proclaimed, migration policy and its institutes in Ukraine were in fact absent, which is explained by the presence of only a surrogate statehood and the predominance of administrative methods over political management of migratory flows.