THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL SANCTIONS IN THE GENERAL PART OF THE CIVIL CODE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2020/1.112-3Abstract
In this article the norms of Books 1–3 of the Civil Code of Ukraine are examined in order to determine civil sanctions and their system. The author stipulates that in the Civil Code of Ukraine there is no definition for the specific term "sanction" and its types, except for Article 354, which states only one type of the sanction, that is, confiscation. These gaps lead to the problems in determining the grounds for the application of certain measures of coercive nature and impede the effective protection of subjective civil law rights which are violated. A critical analysis of existing classifications of civil sanctions is carried out, and an author's classification of the General Part of the Civil Code's sanctions is proposed, depending on the types of legal relationships governed by it. For the purposes of such classification, the author considers the subjective composition of the legal relationship, the focus on the restoration of the subjective civil law right, which is violated, or on the compensation of the harm caused, and the consequences of civil sanctions application. A thorough analysis of the norms of Books 1-4 of the Civil Code is carried out in order to identify the norms containing civil sanctions. Thus, in the first three chapters of the Civil Code there is a lack of the norms containing civil sanctions. At the same time, Chapter 4 of the Civil Code is distinguished by the variety of civil sanctions that are proposed to be considered as civil sanctions that limit or impede the personal civil status of an individual in the circumstances specified in Articles 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 46, 47, 481. Other provisions of the same chapter contain sanctions that restore the civil status of an individual, which causes him or her to have positive legal effects (Articles 38, 42) related to the restoration of the civil capacity of an individual whose civil capacity has been is limited or recognized as incompetent. On the basis of the conducted research of the norms of the Civil Code, it is concluded that the diversity of civil legal sanctions in different chapters of the Civil Code, which have different directions and consequences of their application, despite the absence of their direct name "sanctions".
References
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